QRIS, P2P LENDING, AND MSME SUSTAINABILITY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Main Article Content
Sindy
Winnie
Erica Mentari Br Purba
Rafida Khairani
Nasib
This study examines the impact of QRIS and peer-to-peer (P2P) lending on the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), with capital structure as a mediating variable in Medan Petisah. The rapid development of digital financial services has provided new opportunities for MSMEs to improve financial access and operational efficiency. This research employs a quantitative approach using survey data collected from MSME actors. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that QRIS and P2P lending have a significant positive effect on capital structure and MSME sustainability. Furthermore, capital structure partially mediates the relationship between financial technology usage and business sustainability. These findings indicate that digital financial adoption not only enhances access to funding but also improves the financial structure of MSMEs, contributing to long-term sustainability. This study provides empirical evidence on the role of financial technology in strengthening MSME performance in urban areas.
Abbasi, K., Alam, A., Brohi, N. A., Brohi, I. A., & Nasim, S. (2021). P2P lending Fintechs and SMEs’ access to finance. Economics Letters, 204, 109890. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109890
Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Martinez Peria, M. S. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27, 1–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2015.12.003
Amirullah, N., & Syakur, R. M. (2025). The Influence of QRIS and E-Wallet Adoption on Transaction Efficiency and Profitability of MSMEs in Makassar City. 7(2), 178–184.
Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2007). Finance, inequality and the poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-007-9010-6
Beltramino, N. S., García-Perez-de-Lema, D., & Valdez-Juárez, L. E. (2020). The structural capital, the innovation and the performance of the industrial SMES. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(6), 913–945. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2019-0020
Bui, T. N., Nguyen, X. H., & Pham, K. T. (2023). The Effect of Capital Structure on Firm Value: A Study of Companies Listed on the Vietnamese Stock Market. International Journal of Financial Studies, 11(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11030100
Cornelli, G., Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., & Jagtiani, J. (2024). The impact of fintech lending on credit access for U.S. small businesses. Journal of Financial Stability, 73(August), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2024.101290
Crespo, J. D. O., Domínguez, J. M. F., & Guzmán, D. M. C. (2025). An analytical study of structural equation modeling on organizational resilience and financial performance in Ecuadorian SMEs. Decision Analytics Journal, 15(February), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2025.100575
D’Amato, A. (2020). Capital structure, debt maturity, and financial crisis: empirical evidence from SMEs. Small Business Economics, 55(4), 919–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00165-6
Demirguc, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2021). Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Saniya Ansar.
Diniyya, A. A., Aulia, M., & Wahyudi, R. (2021). Financial Technology Regulation in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Study. Ihtifaz: Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking, 3(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijiefb.v3i2.2703
Djohan, D., Budiman, I., Nasib, Razaq, M. R., & Fathoni, M. (2025). Fintech , Digital Branding , and Customer Engagement to Enhance Gayo Arabica Coffee SMEs ’ Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 3349–3360. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i5.3540
Ferreira, J., Veiga, P., Kailer, N., Kraus, S., Durst, S., & Weinmann, A. (2022). Digital transformation in business and management research : An overview of the current status quo. 63(August 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102466
Gumilar, D. W. A., Khresna Bayu Sangka, & Salman Alfarisy Totalia. (2024). Digital Financial Literacy and Digital Financial Inclusion in the Era of Digital Disruption: Systematic Literature Review. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(5), 1563–1576. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v3i5.9213
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. In Handbook of Market Research (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
Hamzah, M., Yasin, A., Azis, M., Khairuddin, I., & Anam, S. (2025). Digitalisasi Ekonomi : Peranan E-Commerce dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM.
Harianto, A., Febrina, D., Nasib, Amelia, R., & Fathoni, M. (2025). Exploring the Mediating Role of Fintech Adoption in Reducing Perceived Risks and Promoting SME Sustainability. International Journal of Economics and Management Research, 4(3), 242–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v4i1.541
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(May), 277–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Indiani, N. L. P., Keshminder, J. S., Wiratama, N. I., & Amertha, G. S. (2025). Unlocking e-commerce potential in SMEs: an integrative framework for adoption in emerging markets. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04952-3
Khairani, R., Octora, T., Syah, D., & Ovami, D. C. (2025). How Digital Financial Literacy Shapes Sustainable Economic Performance : Evidence from Rural MSME. 50–60. https://doi.org/10.64276/ams.v1i2.55
Khairani, R., Silaban, P., & Edward, Y. R. (2025). Digital Financial Literacy and Inclusion as Determinants of Economic Sustainability Among Rural MSMEs. Proceeding of the International Conference on Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business, 2(2), 463–469.
Khairani, R., Sitorus, S. O. S., Hutapea, D., & ... (2024). The Effect Of Financial Literacy, Fintech P2p Lending, And Payment Gateway On The Financial Performance Of Msmes In Medan City (Case Study Of Medan Petisah …. Publish Buku …, 1–12.
Khairani, R., Tantono, E. A., Anderson, R., Munthe, H., & Purba, P. Y. (2025). Unlocking the Potential of Financial Inclusion, E-Commerce, and FinTech to Boost SME Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 3565–3576. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i5.3786
Khairani, R., Tantri, O., & Putri, S. (2025). The Contribution of E-Commerce and Financial Management to Enhancing MSME Performance in Indonesia. Journal of Business Integration and Competitive, 2(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.64276/jobic.v2i1.30
Koranteng, B., & You, K. (2025). Does P2P lending promote the traditional bank-based financial inclusion? Spatial evidence from 34 developing economies. Research in International Business and Finance, 77(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.102947
Levine, R. (2005). Finance Growth Theory Evidence. Nber Working Paper Series, September, 1–118.
Li, J., Wu, Y., & Xiao, J. J. (2020). The impact of digital finance on household consumption: Evidence from China. Economic Modelling, 86, 317–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.027
Ming, L., Wu, Y., Yang, S., & Yang, X. (2025). Fintech and large banks for SME financing: Evidence from China. Accounting and Finance, 1(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13395
Mosbah, A. (2024). Technology Adoption Among SMEs: How Is It? And What Can Be Done to Strengthen It? Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 36(4), 1519–1528. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2024-36(4)-17
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research Policy, 48(8), 103773. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018
Nasib, Salqaura, S. A., Azman, N. S., & Fathoni, M. (2026). Perilaku Konsumen Digital. PT. Pena Persada Kerta Utama. https://penapersada.id/buku/detail_buku.php?id=4124
Nguyen, T. D., Lan, Q., & Du, T. (2022). The effect of financial inclusion on bank stability : Evidence from ASEAN The effect of financial inclusion on bank stability : Evidence from ASEAN. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2040126
Ningrum, N. R. Y. S. A. F. (2023). The Influence Of Capital Structure And Company Size On Financial Performance On The Construction And Building Sub Sector Listed On IDX 2016-2020. Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi (JPENSI), 8(1), 88–94.
Noor-E-Sahar, Zawawi, D., Jaharuddin, N. S., & Abbasi, M. A. (2025). Asymmetrical effect of total quality management on organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment: mediated by environmental corporate social responsibility. TQM Journal, 37(4), 926–952. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-08-2023-0270
Ozili, P. K. (2018). Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329–340. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003
Ozili, P. K. (2021). Financial inclusion research around the world: A review. Forum for Social Economics, 50(4), 457–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2020.1715238
Pakpahan, D. R., Handayani, C., & Sanjaya, M. (2024). The Effect of Fintech Payment and Financial Literacy on Impulsive Buying of college students in Medan City. Journal of Finance Integration and Business Independence, 1(1), 20–29.
Pizzi, S., Corbo, L., & Caputo, A. (2021). Fintech and SMEs sustainable business models: Reflections and considerations for a circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 281, 125217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125217
Putri, G. A., Widagdo, A. K., & Setiawan, D. (2023). Analysis of financial technology acceptance of peer to peer lending (P2P lending) using extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100027
Ramayanti, R., Azhar, Z., & Nik Azman, N. H. (2025). Factors influencing intentions to use QRIS: A two-staged PLS-SEM and ANN approach. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 17(July 2024), 100185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2024.100185
Sagala, M. S. (2025). Peran Financial Technology ( Fintech ) terhadap Inklusi Keuangan Masyarakat Perdesaan. Applied Multidisciplinary Science, 1(1), 12–21.
Savitz, A; Weber, K. (2006). The triple bottom line: how today’s best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too.
Setyaningtyas, R. A. (2024). the Influence of Perceived Benefits, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Risk on Msme Decisions in Using Qris As a Digital Payment System in Surakarta. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7(2), 4611–4626.
Siddik, A. B., Yong, L., & Rahman, M. N. (2023). The role of fintech on circular economy practices to improve sustainability performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(49), 107465–107486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25576-7
Sivathanu, B. (2019). Adoption of digital payment systems in the era of demonetization in India. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(1), 143–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-07-2017-0033
Soverchia, F. B. A. C. M. (2020). Sustainability and financial performance of small and medium sized enterprises: A bibliometric and systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1297–1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2434
Suryono, R. R., Budi, I., & Purwandari, B. (2021). Detection of fintech P2P lending issues in Indonesia. Heliyon, 7(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06782
Sussan, F., & Acs, Z. J. (2017). The digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. March. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9867-5
Tay, L. Y., Tai, H. T., & Tan, G. S. (2022). Digital financial inclusion: A gateway to sustainable development. Heliyon, 8(6), e09766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09766
Temouri, Y. (2022). How do emerging market SMEs utilize resources in the face of environmental uncertainty? BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 25(3), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/2340944420929706
Tian, Z. L. N. W. X. M. Y. S. Y. M. Y. (2022). Evaluation Standards of Intelligent Technology based on Financial Alternative Data. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 7(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100229
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Violinda, B. K. M. U. Q. (2024). The Impact of Subjective Norms and Entrepreneurship Education on Student Entrepreneurial Intentions. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 10(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.10.1.62
Xue, L., Dong, J., & Zha, Y. (2023). How does digital finance affect firm environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance? — Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Heliyon, 9(10), e20800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20800
Zhao, H., Khaliq, N., Li, C., Rehman, F. U., & Popp, J. (2024). Exploring trust determinants influencing the intention to use fintech via SEM approach: Evidence from Pakistan. Heliyon, 10(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29716





































