International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC)

CREDIT RISK COMPLIANCE LEVELS AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA: A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) MODEL APPROACH

Stephen Kisuli — 2026-04-30

This paper investigates how level of compliance with credit risk regulatory guidelines issued by the central bank of Kenya impacts on technical efficiency whilst considering bank size as a moderating variable. The study adopts a quantitative research design, where a panel data of ten years of a sample of all the licensed commercial banks in Kenya is applied. The technical efficiency scores are estimated with the help of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the correlation between compliance with credit risk and technical efficiency is estimated with the help of the two-limit Tobit regression model estimated by the means of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The study findings established that there is a negative and statistically significant correlation between credit risk and technical efficiency meaning that an increase in credit risk correlates with decreased technical efficiency among commercial banks. Bank size was found to be statistically significant in determining the impact of technical efficiency, which points to the role of scale-related variables in efficiency performance. The study suggests commercial banks to improve their credit risk management and the level of compliance with prudential credit risk guidelines to minimize excessive credit risk exposure and to promote technical efficiency. Moreover, regulators and policymakers are advised to take into account bank size in designing and implementing credit risk regulatory frameworks. The paper also recommends that future research should generalize the study to other financial institutions, including microfinance institutions and cooperative banks, and use longer time horizons to reflect changing regulatory and efficiency dynamics of the financial sector.

FINANCIAL DECISION‑MAKING PRACTICES AND BUSINESS GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NORTH‑WEST NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL VALIDATION

Abdulsalam Dauda — 2026-04-30

This study empirically examines how financial decision‑making (FDM) practices influence the business growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating within Nigeria’s North‑West geopolitical zone. In an environment characterized by financial exclusion, insecure markets, and information asymmetry, sound decision processes regarding investment, financing, and working‑capital management are vital for long‑term survival. Drawing on Agency Theory and the Pecking Order Theory, the study employed a quantitative correlational design based on primary data collected from 332 SME owners and managers across Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara States. Data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) techniques. Results indicate that financial decision‑making exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on business growth (β = 1.563; p < 0.001). Firms that systematically appraise investments, manage debt‑equity structure prudently, and maintain disciplined working‑capital control record higher sales and asset growth, contributing directly to regional employment. The model explains 67.4% of observed growth variation (Adjusted R² = 0.674) and passes robustness validation under a gamma‑distributed GLM specification (Deviance/df = 1.03). The study concludes that effective financial decision‑making is a cornerstone of SME expansion. It recommends capacity‑building on investment evaluation, debt management, and liquidity optimization, emphasizing that institutional partnerships between SMEDAN, microfinance banks, and training institutions can strengthen this capability. The research contributes region‑specific evidence to SME‑finance literature and demonstrates the continuing relevance of rational financial decision frameworks in resource‑constrained contexts.

WORKPLACE FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES: A CASE STUDY OF DISCIPLINE AND ENVIRONMENT AT AN INDONESIAN PORT COMPANY

Hepiana Patmarina — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline and the work environment on employee performance at PT. Pelabuhan Bukit Prima Tarahan, a strategic port company in Lampung. Using a quantitative approach with a causal design, the study involved all 33 employees as respondents (census). Primary data was collected through a closed-ended questionnaire using a 1-5 Likert scale, which was tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis employed multiple linear regression. The results show that: (1) Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) The work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; and (3) Work discipline and the work environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The regression model explains 66.2% of the variation in performance (Adjusted R² = 0.662). These findings support Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, confirming that work discipline as a motivator factor and the work environment as a hygiene factor are together crucial prerequisites for optimal performance in the challenging context of port operations. This study provides an empirical contribution to the HR management literature in the maritime sector and practical recommendations for management to adopt integrated strategies that strengthen discipline and improve the work environment.

EXAMINING THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND PRICE DISCOUNTS IN SHAPING PURCHASE DECISIONS IN TIKTOK SOCIAL COMMERCE

Hepiana Patmarina — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing and price discounts on purchase decisions for Jiniso products on TikTok Shop. It seeks to examine both the individual and synergistic effects of these marketing mix elements within Indonesia’s dominant social commerce platform. This quantitative study employs a survey approach with purposive sampling. Data were collected from 100 consumers who had purchased Jiniso products via TikTok Shop using a structured online questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships after ensuring data validity, reliability, and meeting classical assumptions. The results indicate that both digital marketing (β = 0.248, p = 0.001) and price discounts (β = 0.581, p = 0.000) have significant positive effects on purchase decisions. Price discounts emerged as the dominant driver, with standardized coefficients more than twice that of digital marketing. Collectively, both variables explain 74.9% of the variance in purchase decisions (R² = 0.749, F = 144.792, p = 0.000), confirming their powerful synergistic effect. The findings suggest that Jiniso and similar fashion brands should maintain value-centric discount strategies while integrating them with high-quality digital content. Brands should use engaging digital marketing for top-funnel awareness and targeted discounts for bottom-funnel conversion. The optimal strategy involves creating a seamless integration between compelling content and competitive pricing on TikTok Shop. This research contributes to the literature by empirically examining the concurrent influence of digital marketing and price discounts within the specific context of TikTok social commerce in Indonesia. It provides novel insights into the relative importance and synergistic interaction of these elements in driving purchase decisions, addressing a gap in platform-specific marketing research in emerging markets.

CORPORATE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT USING THE BALANCED SCORECARD: A CASE STUDY OF AN INDONESIAN FAST-FOOD FIRM

Naufal Dhenanda Aradea — 2026-04-30

Increasing competition in the fast-food industry requires companies to implement performance measurement systems that are not only financially oriented but also include non-financial aspects that influence business sustainability. Traditional performance measurement, which focuses solely on financial indicators, is considered insufficient to provide a comprehensive view of organizational performance. Therefore, this study applies the Balanced Scorecard method as a comprehensive performance measurement tool covering four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth. This research aims to analyze the performance of PT Sari Burger Indonesia in Bandar Lampung based on the four Balanced Scorecard perspectives. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data consist of primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 33 employees and 50 customers, as well as secondary data in the form of the company’s financial reports for the 2023–2024 period. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The results indicate that the overall performance of PT Sari Burger Indonesia falls into the fairly good category. The financial perspective shows relatively stable conditions, the customer perspective reflects a good level of satisfaction, internal business processes are running fairly effectively, and the learning and growth perspective indicates good employee satisfaction, although improvements are still needed in training and human resource development. Thus, the Balanced Scorecard is able to provide a comprehensive overview of company performance and can be used as a basis for strategic management evaluation.

MODERATING EFFECTS OF FIRM SIZE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFITABILITY, LIQUIDITY, AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE: A STUDY ON INDONESIAN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES

Rini Sulistiyowat — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability and liquidity on capital structure, as well as the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between these variables in real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2023 period. The data used in this study were obtained from publicly available financial reports. The method employed is panel data regression with the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach to test the moderating effect of firm size. The results show that profitability does not significantly impact capital structure, while liquidity has a significant negative effect on capital structure. Additionally, firm size was found to moderate the relationship between liquidity and capital structure but does not moderate the effect of profitability on capital structure. This research contributes to the development of capital structure literature in Indonesia's real estate sector and provides practical insights for companies in formulating more effective funding strategies in a dynamic market.

CEO DUALITY, AUDIT TENURE, FIRM COMPLEXITY, AND FINANCIAL REPORTING INTEGRITY: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF FIRM RISK

Chantika Nurfitriani — 2026-04-30

This study investigates what factors influence financial statement integrity within the property and real estate sector. This particular sector carries two distinctive characteristics: operational complexity and high financial pressure. Prior research examining CEO duality, audit tenure, and firm complexity has yielded inconsistent findings across different studies. Furthermore, the moderating role of firm risk in these relationships remains largely underexplored. These conditions point to a clear research gap. The present study analyzes how governance attributes influence financial statement integrity. It also examines whether firm risk moderates these relationships. Secondary data from the 2020 to 2024 period provides the empirical foundation. Panel regression combined with a moderated regression analysis approach serves as the analytical technique. Several findings emerge from the results. Audit tenure shows a significant negative effect on financial statement integrity. CEO duality and firm complexity demonstrate no significant impact. Firm risk significantly moderates the effects of audit tenure and firm complexity. However, firm risk does not moderate the CEO duality relationship. The study concludes that auditor independence and firm risk levels occupy an essential role in determining financial reporting quality.

THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK MOTIVATION AT MONICA AND LOREN BAKERY

Dita Sofia — 2026-04-30

This study analyzes the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance, the effect of work motivation on employee performance, and the mediating role of work motivation at Monica & Loren Bakery. A quantitative approach with path analysis was employed. The sample consisted of 44 employees selected through stratified random and purposive sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, observation, and literature study. Validity, reliability, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing, and the Sobel test were conducted using SPSS. The results show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on work motivation (Sig. 0.000) and on employee performance (Sig. 0.000). Work motivation also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Sig. 0.000). The Sobel test confirms that work motivation significantly mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance (Z-count = 4.305 > 1.96). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.992) indicates that 99.2% of the variation in employee performance is explained by both variables. The study is limited to a single bakery, which may restrict generalizability. Future research should explore other industries and include variables such as organizational culture or job satisfaction. Leaders are advised to adopt transformational behaviors providing inspiration, serving as role models, and supporting individual development to enhance motivation and performance. This research contributes to HRM literature by confirming work motivation as a key mediator in the culinary SME context.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING CAPABILITY AND DIGITAL CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT ON MARKETING PERFORMANCE THROUGH TRUST

Dede Suleman — 2026-04-30

This study examines the influence of Social Media Marketing Capability and Digital Customer Engagement on Marketing Performance, with Customer Trust as a mediating variable among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using survey data collected from 200 respondents through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares. The findings reveal that Social Media Marketing Capability and Digital Customer Engagement have positive and significant effects on Marketing Performance. Both variables also significantly influence Customer Trust, indicating their role in building strong customer relationships in digital environments. Furthermore, Customer Trust is found to have a significant effect on Marketing Performance and acts as a mediating variable in the relationships between Social Media Marketing Capability and Marketing Performance, as well as between Digital Customer Engagement and Marketing Performance. These results highlight the importance of integrating digital capabilities, customer engagement, and trust-building strategies to achieve optimal marketing outcomes. This study contributes to the development of relationship marketing literature by providing empirical evidence from the context of Indonesian MSMEs. The findings also offer practical implications for business practitioners in enhancing digital marketing effectiveness.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORETAX IMPLEMENTATION ON TAXPAYERS THROUGH A HUMANISTIC AND VALUE-BASED GOVERNANCE APPROACH: A CRITICAL PARADIGM FRAMEWORK

Diah Rizkyan Dewi — 2026-04-30

Indonesian taxation has undergone continuous reforms since 1984. It is currently in the digital transformation stage, with the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS) representing a significant initiative to digitalize tax governance. The Coretax system, as an integrated digital platform, aims to enhance the effectiveness of implementing taxpayers’ rights and obligations by automating registration, reporting, and payment procedures. Within the framework of value-based governance, this study explores how the implementation of Coretax aligns technological efficiency with humanistic values to strengthen trust, transparency, and compliance. Using a qualitative approach within a critical paradigm, this research analyzes the effectiveness of Coretax implementation from the perspective of taxpayers and tax authorities. Primary data were collected from ten informants, including representatives from the Directorate General of Taxes, corporate and individual taxpayers, and tax consultants. Data were processed using NVivo 14 to identify contextual relationships between system readiness, socialization, and humanistic value orientation. The findings reveal that the implementation of Coretax has not yet been fully effective—both in socialization and system substance—due to the limited integration of humanistic and value-based elements in policy communication and system design. The novelty of this study lies in integrating a humanistic perspective into the framework of value-based governance to assess digital fiscal transformation, offering an alternative lens for evaluating the effectiveness of Indonesia’s tax reform policies. This study highlights the need for a governance model that harmonizes digital transformation with ethical and human-centered public service values to ensure equitable taxpayer participation and sustainable fiscal reform.

INTEREST RATE RISK AND THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Mutinda Prisca Nthenya — 2026-04-30

This study examined the impact of interest rate risk on the financial performance of listed commercial banks in Kenya from 2013 to 2023. Using the Interest Rate Parity Theory, it employed a longitudinal approach and conducted a census of all 11 banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). These banks are subject to strict oversight by both the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) and the NSE, which require consistent disclosures, financial reporting, audits, and adherence to corporate governance standards. This regulatory environment fosters transparency in asset-liability management (ALM) and risk control, making these banks ideal for studying the relationship between interest rate risk and financial performance. The research utilized secondary data from annual financial statements and reports from the Central Bank of Kenya. Financial performance was measured using Return on Assets (ROA). Panel regression analysis revealed a positive association between interest rate risk management and financial performance, indicating that banks with stronger interest rate risk management tend to perform better. The findings suggest that Kenyan-listed banks have maintained consistent and effective interest rate risk management over the decade, thereby contributing to their stability amid economic uncertainty. Enhanced interest rate management further improved their resilience and financial outcomes. The study recommends that banks maintain robust hedging strategies, conduct regular interest rate stress tests, and perform scenario analyses to guard against unexpected interest rate fluctuations and promote sustainable growth.

GREEN ACCOUNTING ON SUSTAINABILITY INDEX DISCLOSURE IN INDONESIA

Richard Sanjaya — 2026-04-30

This study aims to examine the factors influencing sustainability index disclosure among non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The factors investigated include management commitment, institutional ownership, and green accounting. Sustainability index disclosure is measured using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards 2021. The research data were obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports for the 2023–2024 period. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 35 non-cyclical companies included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of each independent variable on sustainability index disclosure. The results indicate that management commitment and institutional ownership have a positive and significant effect on sustainability index disclosure. In contrast, green accounting does not have a significant effect on the level of disclosure. These findings suggest that strong managerial commitment and institutional ownership play a crucial role in encouraging greater transparency in sustainability reporting. However, the implementation of green accounting practices has not yet been fully reflected in sustainability index disclosure. This study contributes to the sustainability reporting literature by highlighting key governance-related factors that influence corporate sustainability disclosure in emerging markets.

GREEN MARKETING, ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, AND PURCHASE INTENTION OF ECO BAGS: A STUDY OF PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BEKASI REGENCY

Sarmin — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the influence of Green Marketing and Environmental Awareness on consumers' intention to purchase environmentally friendly bags at minimarkets, both separately and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative and associative approach. The study involved private vocational school teachers in Bekasi Regency, with 341 respondents selected at random. After data collection through questionnaires, instrument testing, classical assumptions, and hypothesis testing were conducted using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26.0. The results indicate that the desire to purchase ECO BAGs is partially influenced by green advertising and environmental awareness. Additionally, both independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable. According to the coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.747, green advertising and environmental awareness can explain 74.7% of the interest in purchasing variable. Other variables outside the research model influence 25.3%. Therefore, companies should use Green Marketing strategies and increase environmental awareness in their communications to encourage customers to purchase environmentally friendly products such as ECO BAGs.

COMPARISON OF FINANCING GROWTH IN ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS BASED ON ITS USE

Asbi Amin — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze differences in financing growth based on its type of use working capital, investment, and consumption at Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia during the 2021-2024 period. This research addresses the limitations of previous studies, which generally focused on aggregate analysis and failed to compare growth dynamics across financing types simultaneously. The study used a quantitative approach with monthly data (n = 48) analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's follow-up test. The results showed a significant difference in financing growth, where working capital financing differed significantly compared to investment and consumption financing, while both were not significantly different. These findings indicate that working capital financing is more sensitive to economic conditions, while investment and consumption financing tend to be stable. This research contributes by emphasizing the role of financing growth as a strategic signal from a signaling theory perspective and provides implications for strengthening the intermediary function of Islamic banking.

GREEN INNOVATION IN BATAM CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Selvia Suhaeda — 2026-04-30

The construction industry is one of the most environmentally intensive sectors, making green innovation an essential strategy for improving environmental sustainability and organizational competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the effects of organizational climate, corporate governance, and employee intellectual capability on green innovation, as well as to examine the moderating role of green transformational leadership in construction companies in Batam City, Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. Data were collected from 82 employees working in construction firms through purposive sampling and measured using a Likert-scale questionnaire. The findings indicate that organizational climate, corporate governance, and employee intellectual capability each have a positive and significant effect on green innovation, with employee intellectual capability emerging as the strongest predictor. Green transformational leadership also has a direct positive effect on green innovation. However, it does not significantly moderate the relationship between organizational climate, corporate governance, employee intellectual capability, and green innovation. These results suggest that internal organizational factors and employee capacity play a central role in encouraging green innovation. The study concludes that strengthening intellectual capability, fostering a supportive organizational climate, and implementing sound corporate governance are key strategies for promoting green innovation in construction companies.

THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, GREEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE, AND TAX RISK ON FIRM VALUE

Anindia Vegi Aurora — 2026-04-30

This study examines the effect of green accounting, green intellectual capital, carbon emission disclosure, and tax risk on firm value in manufacturing firms listed on the IDX during 2021–2024. The research uses secondary data from annual and sustainability reports and applies panel data regression with the Random Effect Model. The results show that green accounting and green intellectual capital significantly affect firm value, while carbon emission disclosure and tax risk do not show a significant effect. Collectively, all variables significantly influence firm value. Overall, the findings indicate that environmental accounting practices and green-based intellectual capital contribute to improving firm value, whereas carbon disclosure and tax-related risk are not yet major determinants in investor valuation decisions.

QRIS, P2P LENDING, AND MSME SUSTAINABILITY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Sindy — 2026-04-30

This study examines the impact of QRIS and peer-to-peer (P2P) lending on the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), with capital structure as a mediating variable in Medan Petisah. The rapid development of digital financial services has provided new opportunities for MSMEs to improve financial access and operational efficiency. This research employs a quantitative approach using survey data collected from MSME actors. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that QRIS and P2P lending have a significant positive effect on capital structure and MSME sustainability. Furthermore, capital structure partially mediates the relationship between financial technology usage and business sustainability. These findings indicate that digital financial adoption not only enhances access to funding but also improves the financial structure of MSMEs, contributing to long-term sustainability. This study provides empirical evidence on the role of financial technology in strengthening MSME performance in urban areas.

DOES FINTECH LENDING DRIVE MSME GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM BANKING MEDIATION

Jesslyn Anggara — 2026-04-30

This study aims to examine the effect of fintech lending on the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the mediating role of the banking industry. MSMEs play a crucial role in the Indonesian economy by contributing significantly to gross domestic product and employment; however, limited access to formal financing remains a major constraint to their development. In this context, fintech lending has emerged as an alternative financing mechanism that offers faster, more flexible, and more accessible funding compared to traditional banking services. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and Data Indonesia, covering the period from January 2022 to December 2025, with a total of 48 observations. The data were analyzed using regression analysis and mediation testing with SPSS. The results indicate that fintech lending has a positive and significant effect on MSME growth. In addition, fintech lending also significantly influences the banking industry. Furthermore, the banking industry has a significant positive effect on MSME growth and fully mediates the relationship between fintech lending and MSME growth. These findings suggest that fintech lending and banking institutions operate in a complementary manner, where banking plays a crucial intermediary role in channeling the impact of fintech into MSME development. Overall, this study provides important insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and fintech developers in strengthening an inclusive and sustainable digital financial ecosystem to support MSME growth in Indonesia.

EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE ROLES OF WORK DISCIPLINE, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH, AND WORK ENVIRONMENT

Amalia Zakirah — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the effects of work discipline, occupational safety and health, and work environment on employee performance at PT Armada Lintas Samudra. The study used a quantitative approach with PT Armada Lintas Samudra as the research object. The population consisted of 37 permanent employees, and all of them were selected as the sample using total sampling. Data were collected through an online closed-ended questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and were analyzed using SPSS. The analysis techniques included validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that work discipline had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, as indicated by a significance value of 0.011. Occupational safety and health also had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a significance value of 0.026. However, work environment did not have a significant partial effect on employee performance, as its significance value was 0.103. Simultaneously, work discipline, occupational safety and health, and work environment had a significant effect on employee performance, with an F-value of 12.101 and a significance value of 0.000. The model explained 48.1% of the variation in employee performance. These findings indicate that improving employee performance requires strengthening work discipline and optimizing occupational safety and health implementation within the company.

THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, THIN CAPITALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT TRANSPARENCY WITH PROFITABILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE

Chaerul Anam — 2026-04-30

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of green accounting, thin capitalization, and sustainability reporting on financial reporting transparency, and to determine the moderating role of profitability in these relationships. This research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory design based on panel data from industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. Data were analyzed using EViews 12 with panel regression to test six hypotheses. The results show that green accounting has a positive and significant effect on financial reporting transparency, while thin capitalization has no significant effect. In contrast, sustainability reporting has a negative and significant effect on transparency. Profitability is found to weaken the relationship between green accounting and financial transparency but strengthen the relationship between sustainability reporting and financial transparency. These findings highlight the importance of integrating environmental accounting and responsible disclosure practices to enhance the credibility, accountability, and transparency of corporate financial reports in Indonesia’s industrial sector.

DETERMINANTS OF TRADER REVENUE IN TRADITIONAL MARKETS: THE ROLE OF CAPITAL AND WORKING HOURS

Hikmahwati — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of small businesses by measuring the contribution of capital and working hours to the income of traders at Sudimampir Market in Banjarmasin. Small businesses, particularly those in the informal sector, such as traditional markets, play a crucial role in the local economy, but often face various resource constraints. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to merchants active at Sudimampir Market. The results indicate that the capital variable does not significantly influence merchant income (significance value 0.725 > 0.05), while working hours have a significant influence (significance value 0.003 < 0.05). These findings reflect that, in the context of small businesses in traditional markets, business success is more determined by the amount of time merchants invest in selling than by the size of their capital. Working hours are a form of time investment that directly contributes to increased income.

THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE, AND PROFITABILITY ON COMPANY VALUE

Ridwan — 2026-04-30

A company's value reflects how the market assesses a company's performance and prospects. In the mining sector, environmental issues increase the relevance of green accounting and carbon emission disclosure, but the extent to which investors respond to this information is still inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the influence of green accounting, carbon emission disclosure, and profitability on the value of companies in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021–2023 period. The study used a causal associative quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques and produced 84 firm-year observations. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that green accounting and carbon emission disclosure do not have a significant effect on the company's value, while profitability has a positive and significant effect. These findings indicate that the market still places more emphasis on financial performance than environmental disclosure in assessing mining companies. The implications of the study show that environmental initiatives will contribute more to the company's value if successfully converted into operational efficiency, risk reduction, and strengthening profitability.

DETERMINANTS OF FIRM VALUE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PROFITABILITY AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS

Mohamad Zulman Hakim — 2026-05-07

This study investigates the impact of audit opinion, audit quality, ESG, and intellectual capital on firm value, with financial distress as a moderating factor. This study utilized a quantitative approach. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, consisting of 11 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and included in the ESG Leaders Index for the 2021–2024 period, yielding a total of 44 observations. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with the assistance of E-Views 12 software. The results show that ESG and carbon tax influence firm value, while audit opinion, audit quality, and intellectual capital do not. Financial distress moderates the effects of audit opinion, audit quality, ESG, and carbon tax on firm value. Financial distress does not alter the effects of intellectual capital on firm value. Profitability mediates the effect of ESG on firm value. Profitability does not mediate the effect of audit opinion, audit quality, and carbon tax on firm value.

THE INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING, WORK MOTIVATION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT CV WISATAMA BERAS BASAH LANGKAT

Kasiana Tuti Arli Sihite — 2026-05-07

This study aims to analyze the influence of Knowledge Sharing, Work Motivation, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at CV. Wisatama Beras Basah Langkat. The population in this study consists of all employees of the company, with a sample of 85 respondents selected using the saturated sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires that were tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of partial testing show that Knowledge Sharing (t-value = 12.217; Sig. = 0.000), Work Motivation (t-value = 9.903; Sig. = 0.000), and Organizational Culture (t-value = 8.570; Sig. = 0.000) have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. Simultaneously, these three variables have a significant effect, with an F-value of 113.109 and a significance level of 0.000. The coefficient of determination (R Square) value of 0.807 indicates that the independent variables can explain 80.7% of the variance in the dependent variable, while the remaining 19.3% is influenced by other factors outside the scope of this research model.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE FRAUD HEPTAGON ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD IN ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES INDONESIA

Alya Melsa Luna — 2026-05-09

This study examines the influence of the Fraud Heptagon elements on financial statement fraud among consumer cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021 to 2024 period. The Fraud Heptagon expands the Fraud Triangle and Fraud Diamond theories by adding two behavioral aspects, ignorance and greed, to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological drivers of fraud. Using a quantitative approach with purposive sampling, the study focuses on companies that consistently published complete annual reports and recorded positive profits. The research analyzes factors such as financial stability, financial targets, external pressure, personal financial needs, board changes, monitoring effectiveness, and auditor rotation. The findings show that personal financial needs and ignorance significantly increase the likelihood of financial statement fraud, while other variables have no significant effect. This indicates that individual financial pressure and negligence toward internal control systems are the main factors contributing to fraudulent reporting in Indonesia’s consumer cyclical sector.

OPERATING LEVERAGE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA

Obonyo Awuor Esther — 2026-05-10

Leverage is a critical determinant of financial performance in manufacturing firms due to the high proportion of fixed operating costs in capital-intensive production. In Kenya, listed manufacturing firms operate in a volatile environment characterized by fluctuating demand, cost uncertainty, and competitive pressures, making operating leverage a key strategic concern. While higher operating leverage can enhance profitability during periods of revenue growth, it may also increase earnings volatility and business risk during economic downturns. This study examines the effect of operating leverage on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Kenya. A descriptive quantitative research design was adopted, guided by trade-off theory and operating leverage theory. The study employed a census approach, using secondary panel data from audited financial statements of firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange over the period 2014–2023. Financial performance was measured using return on assets (ROA), while operating leverage was proxied by the degree of operating leverage (DOL). Panel regression analysis was conducted following diagnostic tests to ensure model robustness. The findings reveal that operating leverage has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial performance. Higher operating leverage improves profitability during periods of sales growth but also increases earnings volatility under declining demand. The study highlights the importance of optimizing cost structures and provides insights for managers, investors, and policymakers in enhancing firm resilience.

EARNINGS QUALITY IN HEALTHCARE FIRMS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF AUDIT DELAY AND THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF TAX AGGRESSIVENESS

Mohamad Zulman Hakim — 2026-05-10

This study aims to examine the effect of company size, profitability, audit committee, and company risk on earnings quality with audit delay as a moderating variable and tax aggressiveness as a mediating variable in healthcare companies listed on the IDX for the period 2021–2024. The research sample consisted of 11 companies with 44 firm-year observations selected using purposive sampling. Secondary data were processed using FEM and REM panel data regression using EViews 12 and Sobel and Process Macro Hayes Model 7 tests for moderated mediation. The results show that company size (p = 0.0004; β = 0.285) and audit committee (p = 0.0493; β = 2314.675) have a significant positive effect, while company risk (p = 0.0119; β = –0.446) has a significant negative effect on earnings quality, while profitability is not significant (p = 0.9429). Audit delay significantly moderates the relationship between company size (p = 0.0367), audit committee (p = 0.0420), and company risk (p = 0.0228) on earnings quality, but does not moderate profitability (p = 0.6892). Tax aggressiveness (CETR) was found to significantly mediate the relationship between company size (Sobel = 6.95) and company risk (Sobel = 7.65) on earnings quality, but did not mediate profitability and audit committee. The moderated mediation test showed a significant index on all combination paths (p < 0.05). This study provides the first empirical evidence in the Indonesian healthcare sector post-pandemic that audit delay and tax aggressiveness are critical mechanisms for the decline in earnings quality, so regulators (OJK) and investors need to tighten their supervision of timely audits and tax avoidance practices at hospital and pharmaceutical issuers.

THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER REVIEWS, INFLUENCER MARKETING, AND LIVE STREAMING FEATURES IN INFLUENCING PURCHASE DECISIONS ON THE SHOPEE PLATFORM IN MEDAN

Andy Wijaya — 2026-05-10

This study seeks to examine the impact of customer reviews, influencer marketing, and live streaming on purchasing decisions on the Shopee platform in Medan City. This research employs a quantitative methodology utilizing multiple linear regression analysis approaches. The research sample comprised 95 Shopee customers chosen through a purposive selection procedure. The results demonstrate that customer evaluations, influencer marketing, and live streaming exert a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions, evidenced by a coefficient of determination of 0.856. This shows that these three things have a big effect on what people buy. The managerial implications of this study indicate that businesses should make the most of customer reviews to boost trust and happiness. To get more people interested in your brand and reach more people with your marketing, you should also make the most of influencer marketing. Live broadcasting can also make shopping more participatory and fun, which can help people make better selections about what to buy. Businesses may boost consumer loyalty and their competitiveness in the e-commerce sector, which is getting more and more competitive, by using these three things well.

FREE CASH FLOW, AUDIT QUALITY, AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: MODERATING EFFECT OF AUDIT COMMITTEE EXPERTISE

Diana Awaliyah — 2026-05-10

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Free Cash Flow, Audit Opinion, and Audit Quality on Earnings Management, with Audit Committee Expertise as a Moderating Variable, in the food and beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2024 period. The data analysis method used was panel data regression analysis using the data processing program eViews 12. The research sample consisted of 31 companies. Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that: 1) Free cash flow has a negative effect on earnings management; 2) Audit opinion has no effect on earnings management; 3) Audit quality has no effect on earnings management; 4) Audit committee expertise strengthens the effect of free cash flow on earnings management; 5) Audit committee expertise weakens the effect of audit opinion; 6) Audit committee expertise weakens the effect of audit quality on earnings management.

TRANSFORMATION MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC APPROACH

Kurnia Endah Riana — 2026-05-10

This study aims to develop a transformation model of the entrepreneurial university in Indonesia using an ethnographic approach. The research was conducted at five state universities with legal entity (PTN-BH) that have implemented institutional entrepreneurial initiatives. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with key actors, including university leaders, lecturers, and business incubator managers. The findings reveal that the transformation process occurs in four key stages: initiation, experimentation, consolidation, and institutionalization. The success of this transformation is influenced by four main dimensions: strategic leadership, institutional structure, entrepreneurial culture, and actor dynamics. This study offers a theoretical contribution to understanding institutional change in developing countries and a practical framework for higher education policymakers. The ethnographic approach enables a deep exploration of the social and cultural dynamics underpinning institutional transformation in universities.

DETERMINANTS OF FIRM VALUE IN INDONESIAN ENERGY FIRMS: THE ROLE OF ECO-EFFICIENCY, GREEN INNOVATION, CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE, AND GREEN ACCOUNTING

Nur Mala — 2026-05-11

This study analyzes the effect of eco-efficiency, green innovation, carbon emission disclosure, and green accounting on firm value in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period. Using a quantitative approach with an associative hypothesis design, 15 companies were selected through purposive sampling, yielding 75 firm-year observations. Panel data regression with EViews 12 was employed, and the Random Effect Model (REM) was selected based on Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. The results show that eco-efficiency has no significant effect on firm value (p = 0.6972), while green innovation (p = 0.0024) and carbon emission disclosure (p = 0.0085) have positive and significant effects. Green accounting shows no significant effect (p = 0.2773). These findings indicate that environmental innovation and transparency are more valued by the market than environmental efficiency or green accounting implementation in enhancing firm value. The study is limited to energy sector companies on the IDX, and the 2020–2024 observation period is relatively short. Future research should expand to other sectors, extend the timeframe, and include variables such as environmental performance ratings, corporate governance, or regulatory factors. Energy companies should prioritize green innovation and carbon disclosure to improve firm value and attract environmentally conscious investors. Policymakers should incentivize green innovation and standardized carbon disclosure practices. This study contributes empirical evidence on the differential effects of these environmental practices on firm value in the Indonesian energy sector context.

IMPACT OF FRAUD HEPTAGON ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

Faiz Dzikrullah — 2026-05-10

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial target, financial stability, external pressure, personal financial need, change in direction, ignorance, greed, effective monitoring, ideal condition of the company, change in auditor, and frequency of CEO picture on financial statement fraud in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2022-2024 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data from company annual reports. The research sample consisted of 91 manufacturing companies selected using purposive sampling, with a total of 273 observations over three years. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis with EViews 12 software. The results show that financial target, external pressure, change in directors, ideal condition of the company, and change in auditor have a positive effect on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, financial stability, personal financial need, ignorance, greed, effective monitoring, and frequency of CEO picture have no significant effect on financial statement fraud. The Adjusted R-squared value of 7.51% indicates that the ability of independent variables to explain the dependent variable is limited, so future research is suggested to add other variables such as audit quality, corporate governance, or macroeconomic factors.

ENHANCING FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF GENERATION Z: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND MANAGEMENT IN MEDAN CITY

Adi Harianto — 2026-05-10

This study aims to analyze the impact of financial literacy and financial management on the financial behavior of Generation Z in Medan City. Financial literacy is expected to enhance individuals' understanding of better financial management, which in turn can influence their financial behavior. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data collection was done through questionnaires distributed to 200 respondents who are Generation Z in Medan City. Data analysis techniques used include multiple linear regression to test the relationships between variables. The results indicate that both financial literacy and financial management have a positive and significant impact on the financial behavior of Generation Z. These findings suggest that improving financial literacy and sound financial management can enhance responsible financial behavior among Generation Z. This study provides important implications, both in the development of theories related to financial literacy and financial behavior, and in the practical management of personal finances for young generations.

THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS, BOOK TAX DIFFERENCE AND GROWTH OPPORTUNITY ON ACCOUNTING PRUDENCE WITH LITIGATION RISK AS A MODERATOR

Putri Puspa Safitri — 2026-05-11

This study analyzes the effect of financial distress, book-tax difference, and growth opportunity on accounting prudence, with litigation risk as a moderating variable. The study subjects were state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2024 period. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Based on the established research criteria, eight companies were selected. The data used were secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website. The analytical method used was panel data regression analysis. The results show that financial distress and book-tax difference have a significant positive effect on accounting prudence, while growth opportunity has a significant negative effect. Litigation risk strengthens the relationship between financial distress and accounting prudence, but weakens the relationship with book-tax difference and growth opportunity. This study contributes to the accounting prudence literature by highlighting the moderating role of litigation risk and the practical implications for SOE management and regulators in improving the quality of financial reporting and risk management. This study uses EViews 12.0.

THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL INTENTGSITY, AND SALES GROWTH ON TAX AVOIDANCE MODERATED BY FIRM SIZE

Hanifah Nur Azizah — 2026-05-12

This study examines the effect of liquidity, capital intensity, and sales growth on tax avoidance, with firm size as a moderating variable, in consumer cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021–2024. The research uses secondary data from annual reports and applies panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model. The results show that sales growth and firm size significantly affect tax avoidance, while liquidity and capital intensity do not have a significant effect. Furthermore, firm size is not able to moderate the relationship between liquidity and capital intensity on tax avoidance, but it significantly moderates the effect of sales growth on tax avoidance. Collectively, all variables significantly influence tax avoidance. Overall, the findings indicate that company performance and firm scale play a more important role in determining tax avoidance behavior, whereas short-term financial capability and asset structure are not the main determinants.