THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, THIN CAPITALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT TRANSPARENCY WITH PROFITABILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Main Article Content
Chaerul Anam
Eko Sudarmanto
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of green accounting, thin capitalization, and sustainability reporting on financial reporting transparency, and to determine the moderating role of profitability in these relationships. This research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory design based on panel data from industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. Data were analyzed using EViews 12 with panel regression to test six hypotheses. The results show that green accounting has a positive and significant effect on financial reporting transparency, while thin capitalization has no significant effect. In contrast, sustainability reporting has a negative and significant effect on transparency. Profitability is found to weaken the relationship between green accounting and financial transparency but strengthen the relationship between sustainability reporting and financial transparency. These findings highlight the importance of integrating environmental accounting and responsible disclosure practices to enhance the credibility, accountability, and transparency of corporate financial reports in Indonesia’s industrial sector.
Alkam, R., Dahlan, L., & Akbar, W. A. (2025). The dialectic of sustainability assurance and greenwashing: The illusion of transparency? Journal of Sustainability Accounting, 3(3), 1029–1042.
Ammer, M. A., Aliedan, M. M., & Alyahya, M. A. (2020). Do corporate environmental sustainability practices influence firm value? The role of independent directors: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 12(21), 1-20.
Aniatun, N., Dwi, P. W., & Triska, D. P. (2022). Pengaruh capital intensity dan thin capitalization terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan tax avoidance sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017-2020. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Perpajakan, 1(2), 302–317.
Cindy Anggraini, & Wulandari Agustiningsih. (2022). Pengaruh green accounting terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, dan Akuntansi), 6(2), 1842–1859.
Damayanty, P., Wahab, D., & Safitri, N. (2022). Pengaruh profitabilitas, firm size dan aktivitas perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 6(2), 1–11.
Dewi, P. P., & Narayana, I. P. E. (2020). Implementasi green accounting, profitabilitas dan corporate social responsibility pada nilai perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(12), 3252–3265.
Dewi, R., Kusumawati Nugrahini, A., Nurizki, E. T., & Trismayadi, A. (2023). Pengaruh thin capitalization dan transfer pricing terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan pemanfaatan tax havens country sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Revenue: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 4(1), 342–353.
Freeman, R. E. (1986). Stockholders and stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance. In R. B. Freeman (Ed.), Strategic management: A stakeholder approach (pp. 31–56). Pitman.
Gustinya, D. (2022). Pengaruh penerapan green accounting terhadap nilai perusahaan manufaktur peserta PROPER yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2019. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 9(1), 1–15.
Hendrastuti, R., Sukoharsono, E. G., & Iqbal, S. (2024). Is TCR effective in reducing tax avoidance in Indonesia? Jurnal Akuntansi dan Investasi, 14(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v14i1.4226
Herny, H., & Herawaty, V. (2024). The effect of green accounting implementation, environmental performance, and sustainability growth on financial reporting quality with profitability as a moderating variable. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 4(1), 151–160.
Husda, A. P., Azmiana, R., & Akuntansi, P. S. (2023). Green accounting: Konsep dan implementasi pada perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, 17(2), 346–351.
Ifada, L. M., & Saleh, N. M. (2022). Environmental performance and environmental disclosure relationship: The moderating effects of environmental cost disclosure in emerging Asian countries. Management of Environmental Quality, 33(4), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-09-2021-0233
Johan, R., & Nita, P. (2022). Pengaruh public ownership dan profitabilitas terhadap transparansi informasi dengan internet financial reporting sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 7(1), 1–17.
Kampo, K. (2024). The influence of profitability in moderating the impact of sustainability report on firm value. Jmanager, 3(2), 10–19.
Linantis, R., Orbaningsih, D., & Lisa, O. (2021). Transparency as moderating tax avoidance, profitability, and leverage on firm value. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 4(12), 2415–2426. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i12-02
Maharani, I. G. A. M. W., & Widanaputra, A. A. G. P. (2025). The effect of transfer pricing and thin capitalization on tax avoidance with profitability as a moderating variable. Epaper Bisnis: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management, 3(1), 45–62.
Meiriani, I. R., Dunakhir, S., & Makassar, U. N. (2022). Pengaruh penerapan green accounting terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Jurnal Akuntansi, 8(2), 45–58.
Melawati, H. G. (2022). Pengaruh green accounting dan pengungkapan CSR terhadap nilai perusahaan: Profitabilitas sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi, 11(6), 1–18.
Mus, A. R., Kaharuddin, & Su'un, M. (2022). Effect of earning opacity on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Akuntansi, 4(1), 15–32.
Ningtias Safitri, D. S. (2021). Transparansi pelaporan keuangan: Apakah berdampak terhadap penghindaran pajak dan nilai perusahaan? Jurnal Akuntansi dan Perpajakan, 21(2), 269–282.
Pamungkas, N. B., & Meini, Z. (2023). The effects of sustainability reporting and intellectual capital disclosure on firm value, with profitability as a moderating variable. Jurnal Akuntansi, 12(1), 327–334.
Pratama, Y. N., & Mulyani, S. D. (2024). Pengaruh akuntansi hijau, kinerja lingkungan dan likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas dengan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 4(1), 595–604.
Putri, F. C., Susanti, M., & Simbolon, R. (2025). Pengaruh green accounting dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 3(1), 111–127.
Qian, C., Gao, X., & Tsang, A. (2015). Corporate philanthropy, ownership type, and financial transparency. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(4), 851–867.
Rahmawati, T., & Hamzah, A. (2025). Green accounting enhances sustainability report integrity: Does governance support voluntary disclosure perspectives? Jurnal Akuntansi, 29(3), 448–468.
Ramadhan, M. R. (2023). The impact of thin capitalization rule on tax avoidance in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Investasi, 24(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v24i2.17036
Ristiyana, R. (2021). Peran profitabilitas sebagai penentu kualitas laporan keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi, 12(10), 221–232.
Rohmah, V. A., & Romadhon, F. (2023). Pengaruh green accounting dan kinerja lingkungan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi Aktual, 6(3), 419–438. https://doi.org/10.22219/jaa.v6i3.24069
Rosid, A., & Faisal. (2022). Thin capitalization rules, capital structure, tax avoidance, and the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from Indonesian listed firms. Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(2), 191–202.
Ruslim, H. (2023). The influence of capital intensity and thin capitalization on tax avoidance moderated by profitability. Jurnal Akuntansi, 7(4), 3373–3381.
Sanjaya, I. P. S., & Atma. (2024). Environmental, social, and governance disclosure on market performance in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(4), 346–366.
Saputro, D. D., Gunawan, S., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2022). Pengaruh tekanan stakeholder terhadap transparansi laporan keberlanjutan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Finansial Indonesia, 5(2), 1–16.
Sebrina, N., Taqwa, S., Afriyenti, M., & Septiari, D. (2023). Analysis of sustainability reporting quality and corporate social responsibility on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2157975
Sharawi, H., & Shahawi, M. (2024). The impact of ESG disclosure on financial reporting quality: Evidence from KSA. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 11(4), 98–108.
Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1973). A short version of the attitudes toward women scale (AWS). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2(4), 219–220.
Sugiyono. (2023). Buku metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R&D (M. D. I. Sutopo, Ed.; Cetakan ke-4). CV. Alfabeta.
Sundarasen, S., Zyznarska-Dworczak, B., & Goel, S. (2024). Sustainability reporting and greenwashing: A bibliometrics assessment in G7 and non-G7 nations. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2320812
Utami, M. F., & Irawan, F. (2022). Pengaruh thin capitalization dan transfer pricing aggressiveness terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan financial constraints sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(2), 386–399.
Wang, L., Le, Q., Peng, M., Zeng, H., & Kong, L. (2023). Does central environmental protection inspection improve corporate environmental, social, and governance performance? Evidence from China. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(6), 2962–2984.
Wardiyah, M. L., Dzikrayah, F., Ponirah, A., Haq, I., Maulana, F., & Fiddienillah. (2025). The role of green accounting in enhancing financial performance. Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(1), 32–41.
Wiryaningtyas, D. P. (2020). Pengaruh likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan profitabilitas terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2018. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis GROWTH, 18(2), 45–59.
Yonandi, C. P., & Lie, G. (2025). Greenwashing in Indonesia: Deceptive claims and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Jurnal Akuntansi, 11(1), 107–116.
Yu, E. P., Luu, B. V., & Chen, C. H. (2024). Greenwashing in environmental, social and governance disclosures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(3), 1–18.
